如果Oracle数据库hang住了,对Oracle做system dump,或做hang analyze,是研究和解决问题的有效办法,至少在提交SR时能够有更多的有用信息。如果能够连接数据库,并能够进行操作,那么用oradebug是简单快捷的办法。
但有的时候,数据库由于hang住,sqlplus不能连接时(在10g可以尝试用sqlplus -prelim连接数据库),可以使用操作系统上的调试工具来dump oracle系统状态。在记一次Oracle数据库无响应(hang住)故障的处理一文中,就曾使用dbx做systemstate dump,并发现问题所在,并最终解决了问题。下面是当时用dbx做dump的过程:
# dbx -a 446910
Waiting to attach to process 446910 …
Successfully attached to oracle.
Type ‘help’ for help.
reading symbolic information …
stopped in iosl.select at 0×9000000000c94d8 ($t2)
0×9000000000c94d8 (select+0xfffffffffff06318) e8410028 ld r2,0×28(r1)
(dbx) print ksudss(10)Segmentation fault in slrac at 0×100083aa0 ($t2)
0×100083aa0 (slrac+0xe4) 88030000 lbz r0,0×0(r3)
(dbx) detach
从上面可以看到,使用dbx做dump的过程为:
- 找到有异常的进程号,比如CPU非常高,HANG住的进程等。如果做系统范围的systemstate dump,可以是其他的进程。
- dbx -a < 进程号>
- print ksudss(10) --这里是直接调用ORACLE程序中的ksudss函数,dump level为10,就等同于在sqlplus 中用oradebug dump systemstate 10
- detach
- quit
在LINUX下可以使用gdb,下面是一个例子:
[oracle@xty ~]$ ps -ef | grep LOCAL
oracle 3765 3764 1 05:55 ? 00:00:00 oraclexty (DESCRIPTION=(LOCAL=YES)(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=beq)))
oracle 3767 3668 0 05:55 pts/2 00:00:00 grep LOCAL
[oracle@xty ~]$ gdb $ORACLE_HOME/bin/oracle 3765
GNU gdb Red Hat Linux (6.1post-1.20040607.62rh)
Copyright 2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
GDB is free software, covered by the GNU General Public License, and you are
welcome to change it and/or distribute copies of it under certain conditions.
Type "show copying" to see the conditions.
There is absolutely no warranty for GDB. Type "show warranty" for details.
This GDB was configured as "i386-redhat-linux-gnu"...(no debugging symbols found)...Using host libthread_db library "/lib/tls/libthread_db.so.1".Attaching to program: /u01/app/oracle/product/10.1.0/db_1/bin/oracle, process 3765
Reading symbols from /u01/app/oracle/product/10.1.0/db_1/lib/libskgxp10.so...(no debugging symbols found)...done.
Loaded symbols for /u01/app/oracle/product/10.1.0/db_1/lib/libskgxp10.so
Reading symbols from /u01/app/oracle/product/10.1.0/db_1/lib/libhasgen10.so...done.
Loaded symbols for /u01/app/oracle/product/10.1.0/db_1/lib/libhasgen10.so
Reading symbols from /u01/app/oracle/product/10.1.0/db_1/lib/libskgxn2.so...done.
Loaded symbols for /u01/app/oracle/product/10.1.0/db_1/lib/libskgxn2.so
Reading symbols from /u01/app/oracle/product/10.1.0/db_1/lib/libocr10.so...done.
Loaded symbols for /u01/app/oracle/product/10.1.0/db_1/lib/libocr10.so
Reading symbols from /u01/app/oracle/product/10.1.0/db_1/lib/libocrb10.so...done.
Loaded symbols for /u01/app/oracle/product/10.1.0/db_1/lib/libocrb10.so
Reading symbols from /u01/app/oracle/product/10.1.0/db_1/lib/libocrutl10.so...done.
Loaded symbols for /u01/app/oracle/product/10.1.0/db_1/lib/libocrutl10.so
Reading symbols from /u01/app/oracle/product/10.1.0/db_1/lib/libjox10.so...done.
Loaded symbols for /u01/app/oracle/product/10.1.0/db_1/lib/libjox10.so
Reading symbols from /u01/app/oracle/product/10.1.0/db_1/lib/libclsra10.so...done.
Loaded symbols for /u01/app/oracle/product/10.1.0/db_1/lib/libclsra10.so
Reading symbols from /u01/app/oracle/product/10.1.0/db_1/lib/libdbcfg10.so...done.
Loaded symbols for /u01/app/oracle/product/10.1.0/db_1/lib/libdbcfg10.so
Reading symbols from /u01/app/oracle/product/10.1.0/db_1/lib/libnnz10.so...done.
Loaded symbols for /u01/app/oracle/product/10.1.0/db_1/lib/libnnz10.so
Reading symbols from /usr/lib/libaio.so.1...done.
Loaded symbols for /usr/lib/libaio.so.1
Reading symbols from /lib/libdl.so.2...done.
Loaded symbols for /lib/libdl.so.2
Reading symbols from /lib/tls/libm.so.6...done.
Loaded symbols for /lib/tls/libm.so.6
Reading symbols from /lib/tls/libpthread.so.0...done.
[Thread debugging using libthread_db enabled]
[New Thread -1219938624 (LWP 3765)]
Loaded symbols for /lib/tls/libpthread.so.0
Reading symbols from /lib/libnsl.so.1...done.
Loaded symbols for /lib/libnsl.so.1
Reading symbols from /lib/tls/libc.so.6...done.
Loaded symbols for /lib/tls/libc.so.6
Reading symbols from /lib/ld-linux.so.2...done.
Loaded symbols for /lib/ld-linux.so.2
Reading symbols from /lib/libnss_files.so.2...done.
Loaded symbols for /lib/libnss_files.so.2
0x006967a2 in _dl_sysinfo_int80 () from /lib/ld-linux.so.2
(gdb) print ksudss(10)
[Switching to Thread -1219938624 (LWP 3765)]
$1 = 213658428
(gdb) detach
Detaching from program: /u01/app/oracle/product/10.1.0/db_1/bin/oracle, process 3765
(gdb) quit
然后我们可以找到有dump结果的trace文件:
[oracle@xty ~]$ cd $ORACLE_BASE/admin/xty/udump
[oracle@xty udump]$ ls -lrt | grep 3765
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 599705 Nov 21 05:56 xty_ora_3765.trc
根据debugger工具attach进程的不同,trace文件一般在user_dump_dest或background_dump_dest目录下。
在LINUX下用gdb,在AIX下用dbx,那么在HP-UX下呢,可以用HP的wdb(可以到HP WDB查看HP WDB的详细信息和下载最新的版本。在solaris上,也会有dbx或gdb(各个平台有多种不同的debugger,其他还有adb,mdb等等)。有兴趣的朋友可以用用。
除了上面提到的systemstate dump,还能不能够做其他的dump?答案是肯定的,以下是一些dump相关的函数:
print ksdhng(3,1,0) 相当于oradebug hanganalyze 3
print ksudps(10) 相当于oradebug dump processstate 10
print curdmp() 相当于oradebug call curdmp(也就是oradebug dump cursordump)
print ksdtrc(4) 相当于oradebug dump events 4(这里参数表示level,1--session,2--process,4--system)
以上列出的,不一定对处理HANG有意义,只是这里觉得有些意思。^_^.其他还有意思的包括:
print ksdsel(10046,12) --相当于为attach的进程设置10046事件level 12
print skdxipc() --相当于oradebug ipc
print skdxprst() --相当于oradebug procstat
注意:不要在正常运行的生产系统上运行和测试。
当然,如果能用oradebug,那么就用oradebug,毕竟方便很多,也更安全。这里只是对使用debugger做dump一些扩充,供有兴趣研究的朋友参考。
补充:在HP-UX上使用gdb进行system dump,可能会更复杂,可以参考Oracle Metalink Doc 273324.1
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