下面以例子说话:

SQL> create table test1.unused_test  as select rownum a,rownum*2 b,rownum*10 c from dba_objects where rownum<=100;

Table created.

看看数据字典:

SQL> select column_name,data_type,column_id,hidden_column,segment_column_id seg_
cid,internal_column_id internal_cid from dba_tab_cols where owner='TEST1' and ta
ble_name='UNUSED_TEST';

COLUMN_NAM DATA_TYPE            COLUMN_ID HIDDEN    SEG_CID INTERNAL_CID
---------- -------------------- --------- ------ ---------- ------------
A          NUMBER                       1 NO              1            1
B          NUMBER                       2 NO              2            2
C          NUMBER                       3 NO              3            3

SQL> select column_name,data_type,column_id from dba_tab_columns where wner='TE
ST1' and table_name='UNUSED_TEST';

COLUMN_NAM DATA_TYPE            COLUMN_ID
---------- -------------------- ---------
A          NUMBER                       1
B          NUMBER                       2
C          NUMBER                       3

SQL> select object_id from dba_objects where wner='TEST1' and object_name='UNUS
ED_TEST' and object_type='TABLE';

 OBJECT_ID
----------
      6577

SQL> select col#,segcol#,name,intcol# from col$ where obj#=6577;

      COL#    SEGCOL# NAME          INTCOL#
---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
         1          1 A                   1
         2          2 B                   2
         3          3 C                   3

通过DUMP数据库文件块可以看到每行有三列(这里不再列出DUMP文件内容)
下面将B列置为unused状态:

SQL> alter table test1.unused_test set unused (b);

Table altered.

SQL> select column_name,data_type,column_id,hidden_column,segment_column_id seg_
cid,internal_column_id internal_cid from dba_tab_cols where wner='TEST1' and ta
ble_name='UNUSED_TEST';

COLUMN_NAME                  DATA_T COLUMN_ID HIDDEN    SEG_CID INTERNAL_CID
---------------------------- ------ --------- ------ ---------- ------------
A                            NUMBER         1 NO              1            1
SYS_C00002_08011915:24:34$   NUMBER           YES             2            2
C                            NUMBER         2 NO              3            3

这里原来的B列,其名字为系统自动生成的一列,命名形式为SYS_CNNNNN_YYMMDDHH24:MI:SS$,NNNNN为原来的COLUMN_ID,前面补0补足成5数。hidden已经变为YES,COLUMN_ID为空。其他两列A和C的COLUMN_ID顺序作了调整。这三列的SEGMENT_COLUMN_ID和INTERNAL_COLUMN_ID没有变化。

SQL> select column_name,data_type,column_id from dba_tab_columns where wner='TE
ST1' and table_name='UNUSED_TEST';

COLUMN_NAME                  DATA_T COLUMN_ID
---------------------------- ------ ---------
A                            NUMBER         1
C                            NUMBER         2

在DBA_TAB_COLUMNS视图中,B列已经没有显示出来。

SQL> select col#,segcol#,name,intcol# from col$ where obj#=6577;

      COL#    SEGCOL# NAME                            INTCOL#
---------- ---------- ---------------------------- ----------
         1          1 A                                     1
         0          2 SYS_C00002_08011915:24:34$            2
         2          3 C                                     3

这里B列的COL#已经变成0.SEGCOL#和INTCOL#列没有变化,NAME也已经变化
DUMP出来的数据中,每一行仍然有三列。
尝试插入数据:

SQL> insert into test1.unused_test values (1234,4321,1);
insert into test1.unused_test values (1234,4321,1)
                  *
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00913: too many values

SQL> insert into test1.unused_test values (1234,4321);

1 row created.

SQL> select rowid from test1.unused_test where a=1234 and c=4321;

ROWID
------------------
AAABmxAAFAAAAEuAAA

此ROWID对应的rfile#为5,block#为302,row number为0
DUMP出这一块查看第0行数据,发现在数据块中每行仍然是3列,第二列也就是原来的B列其值为NULL。
现在我们将C列删除:

SQL> alter table test1.unused_test drop (c);

Table altered.

SQL> select column_name,data_type,column_id,hidden_column,segment_column_id seg_
cid,internal_column_id internal_cid from dba_tab_cols where wner='TEST1' and ta
ble_name='UNUSED_TEST';

COLUMN_NAME                  DATA_T COLUMN_ID HIDDEN    SEG_CID INTERNAL_CID
---------------------------- ------ --------- ------ ---------- ------------
A                            NUMBER         1 NO              1            1

这里可以看出B列和C列都已经删除。

SQL> select column_name,data_type,column_id from dba_tab_columns where wner='TE
ST1' and table_name='UNUSED_TEST';

COLUMN_NAME                  DATA_T COLUMN_ID
---------------------------- ------ ---------
A                            NUMBER         1

SQL> select col#,segcol#,name,intcol# from col$ where obj#=6577;

      COL#    SEGCOL# NAME                            INTCOL#
---------- ---------- ---------------------------- ----------
         1          1 A                                     1

都可以看出B列和C列已经被删除。从这个实验就可以看出,在删除C时会将UNUSED列一并删除。

DUMP出数据块可以发展,块中每一行只有1列。因此SET UNUSED只是修改了数据字典,速度较快。而将COLUMN DROP掉,不仅修改数据字典,而且修改实际的块数据。如果表比较大,会耗费比较长的时间。

 

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